A friend just sent me a compelling article about trauma in the classroom. When a child has experienced deep traumas, s/he will often present as tough, guarded, or hostile. However, behaviors that communicate anger or bravado could be guarding a thinly-veiled state of panic. The child may be focused only on survival. The article points to ways that an educator can 'meet' the needs underneath rather than reacting to the behavior. What it takes is the capacity to 'co-regulate.'